The Three Rules of Portrait Photography: Proximity, Focal Length, and Perspective

8/25/2025 ISO 1200 Magazine 0 Comments

Creating powerful portraits isn't just about a good-looking subject; it's about mastering the technical side of posing. By understanding three core principles—proximity, focal length, and perspective—you can take control of your portraits and ensure every shot is intentionally flattering. Forget random snapshots; it's time to build a portrait with purpose.

This guide breaks down the essential concepts that separate amateur snapshots from professional, high-impact portraiture. Learn how to use your gear and position your subject to get the most out of every frame.

The Principle of Proximity

In every photograph, the closer an object is to the camera, the larger it will appear. This isn't just a basic rule of physics; it's a powerful tool for a photographer. Use it to your advantage by strategically positioning your subject.

If you want to de-emphasize a body part, simply move it slightly away from the lens. Conversely, bringing a hand or shoulder forward can add a sense of depth and dynamism to your composition.

Choosing Your Focal Length

The lens you use has a dramatic effect on your final image's perspective. For flattering portraits, longer lenses like an 85mm or 100mm are your best friends. These telephoto lenses compress the scene, giving your subject's features a natural, proportional look.

Wide-angle lenses, on the other hand, can exaggerate features like the nose and forehead when shooting up close, leading to unflattering distortion. Remember to choose the right focal length for the portrait you want to create.

The Power of Camera Angle

A simple change in camera height can completely alter how a subject is perceived. Shooting from a low angle makes your subject appear taller and more dominant, which is great for full-body shots that convey power.

A high angle can make the subject look smaller or more submissive. By consciously choosing your camera's position, you can control the visual narrative and the emotion of the portrait.

Putting It All Together

The real secret to stunning portraits is combining these principles. Before you shoot, consider your subject and what you want to highlight. Choose a longer lens for a classic, flattering look.

Guide your subject's pose to control what appears closest to the camera, and then select a camera angle that complements their stance. By thinking through these three elements, you move from simply taking a picture to intentionally creating a beautiful, thoughtful portrait.

Image and video via Lindsay Adler Photography